Flora and Fauna of Jammu and Kashmir JKSSB exam JKUPDATE
HANGUL
-  Scientific name – Cervus Elaphus Hanglu.Â
- Â Known as Kashmiri Stag or Kashmiri Red Deer.
- Â Found in Dachigam National Park.
- Â IUCN status – Critically Endangered .
- Project Hangul was initiated in 1970.
MUSK DEER
- Scientific name – Moschus ChrysagasterIUCN status – Endangered
- Commonly found in kishtwar National Park.Â
- Jammu & Limber Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir.
- They are Generally Hunted for their Scented glands, which are commonly used in Perfumes.
MARKHOR
- Scientific Name – Capra falconeri.Â
- Â IUCN status -Critically Endangered.Â
- National Animal of Pakistan.It is known as Screw Horn or Screw Horned Goat.
- Pir Panjal Markhor is the Largest wild goat in the world.
- Â Commonly sighted in Limber , Lachipora and Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary.Â
IBEX
IUCN status – Least Concern.Â
- Scientific Name – Capra Ibex.Â
- Â Ibex are very nimble. They can Jump moret han 6 feet.Â
- A dark Brown Goat with dull white saddle patch.
- Sighted at kanji Wildlife Sanctuary And Hemis and Kishtwar National Park.
- Breeding Period for Ibex is known as Rut.
Snow Leopord
-  IUCN status – Vulnerable.Â
-  Scientific Name – Panthera Uncia or Uncia.Â
- Also known as OUNCE.
- The tail is very thick due to fat storage. It act as a blanket to protect its face when asleep.
BLACK NECKED CRANE
-  Scientific Name – Grus Antigone.Â
- Â IUCN STATUS – VULNERABLE.
- Found in and remote parts of India. Tibetian plateau.Â
-  Regularly seen in Tso – moriri Lake ,Ladakh.
- Â Known as Tibetan Crane.
HIMALAYAN TAHR
- Scientific name – Himitragus Jemlahicus.Â
- Â Natural enemies are Snow leopord.Â
- Â IUCN status – Near threatened.Â
- It has dense , reddish brown
Wildlife Species
List of important Wildlife Species of J&K and their status as per IUCN’s Red Data Book / J&K Wildlife Protection Act, 1978 (Amended upto 2002):
S.No | Species | Region | Status as per IUCN’s Red Data Book | Status as per Wildlife Protection Act |
1) | Snow Leopard | Ladakh, Kashmir & Jammu | Endangered | Schedule I |
2) | Common Leopard | Jammu, Kashmir & Ladkah | Near Threatened | Schedule – I / Endangered |
3) | Black Bear | Kashmir & Jammu | Vulnerable | Schedule – II |
4) | Brown Bear | Ladakh, Kashmir & Jammu | Least Concern | Schedule – I / Endangered |
5) | Ibex | Ladakh, Kashmir & Jammu | Least Concern | Schedule – I / Endangered |
6) | Himalayan tahr | Jammu | Near Threatened | Schedule – I / Endangered |
7) | Spotted Deer | Jammu | Least Concern | Schedule – III |
8) | Barking Deer | Jammu | Least Concern | Schedule – III |
9) | Goral | Jammu | Near Threatened | Schedule – I |
10) | Markhor | Kashmir & Jammu | Endangered | Schedule – I / Critically Endangered |
11) | Serow | Kashmir & Ladakh | Near threatened | Schedule – I / Endangered |
12) | Hangul | Kashmir | Least Concern | Schedule – I / Critically Endangered |
13) | Musk Deer | Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh | Endangered | Schedule – I / Endangered |
14) | Chiru (Tibetan Antelope) | Ladakh | Endangered | Schedule – I / Critically Endangered |
15) | Tibetan gazelle | Ladakh | Near Threatened | Schedule – I / Endangered |
16) | Nayan (Tibetan Sheep) | Ladakh | – | Schedule – I |
17) | Wild Yak | Ladakh | Vulnerable | Schedule – I |
18) | Pallas Cat | Ladakh | – | Schedule – I |
19) | Black Necked Crane | Ladakh | Vulnerable | Schedule – I |
20) | Golden Eagle | Kashmir, Ladakh & Jammu | Least Concern | Schedule – I / Endangered |
21) | Cheer Pheasant | Kashmir, Jammu | Vulnerable | Schedule – I / Endangered |
NATURAL VEGETATIONÂ
which grows naturally without human aid.
The natural vegetation of J&K is classified under following categories .
Subtropical Forests:
- Â subtropical rain forests are limited to the Siwaliks and lower slopes of the Middle Himalayas.
- Â Having a thick undergrowth of bushes and scrubs.
- The dominant species of subtropical forests are teak, sal, Shisham, Pipal.Â
- These trees shed their leaves in the months of January – February (before hot weather).
Temperate Forest:
- Found in the slopes of Pir Panjal , Greater Himalayas , Zanskar and Karakoram.
- The dominant species are deodar, pine, silver fir , cedar , hazel.Â
Alpine Forests
-  In the state of Jammu and Kashmir the vegetation, especially grasses belonging to the higher regions of mountain system is known as Margs or alpine pastures. Â
-  These Pastures lie on Higher altitudes between 3600 m to 4000 m above sea level.
- Â The climate is extremely cold.Â
- It is only in the summer months (May to September) when ice melts at high altitudes and lush green grasses grow. Â
Xerophytic Vegetation
- Â This type of vegetation is found in Ladakh.Â
- The absence of rainfall over greater parts of the year has resulted into xerophytic vegetation.Â
-  The plants of these vegetation have special characterstics of conserving water .Â
- Eg. Cactus , agaves etc.Â
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