Flora and Fauna of Jammu and Kashmir JKSSB exam JKUPDATE

HANGUL

•  Scientific name – Cervus Elaphus Hanglu. 
•  Known as Kashmiri Stag or Kashmiri Red Deer.
•  Found in Dachigam National Park.
•  IUCN status – Critically Endangered .
• Project Hangul was initiated in 1970.

MUSK DEER

• Scientific name – Moschus ChrysagasterIUCN status – Endangered
• Commonly found in kishtwar National Park. 
• Jammu & Limber Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir.
• They are Generally Hunted for their Scented glands, which are commonly used in Perfumes.

MARKHOR

• Scientific Name – Capra falconeri. 
•  IUCN status -Critically Endangered. 
• National Animal of Pakistan.It is known as Screw Horn or Screw Horned Goat.
• Pir Panjal Markhor is the Largest wild goat in the world.
•  Commonly sighted in Limber , Lachipora and Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary. 

IBEX

IUCN status – Least Concern. 

• Scientific Name – Capra Ibex. 
•  Ibex are very nimble. They can Jump moret han 6 feet. 
• A dark Brown Goat with dull white saddle patch.
• Sighted at kanji Wildlife Sanctuary And Hemis and Kishtwar National Park.
• Breeding Period for Ibex is known as Rut.

Snow Leopord

•  IUCN status – Vulnerable. 
•  Scientific Name – Panthera Uncia or Uncia. 
• Also known as OUNCE.
• The tail is very thick due to fat storage. It act as a blanket to protect its face when asleep.

BLACK NECKED CRANE

•  Scientific Name – Grus Antigone. 
•  IUCN STATUS – VULNERABLE.
• Found in and remote parts of India. Tibetian plateau. 
•  Regularly seen in Tso – moriri Lake ,Ladakh.
•  Known as Tibetan Crane.

HIMALAYAN TAHR

• Scientific name – Himitragus Jemlahicus. 
•  Natural enemies are Snow leopord. 
•  IUCN status – Near threatened. 
• It has dense , reddish brown

Wildlife Species

List of important Wildlife Species of J&K and their status as per IUCN’s Red Data Book / J&K Wildlife Protection Act, 1978 (Amended upto 2002):

 

S.No	Species	Region	Status as per IUCN’s Red Data Book	Status as per Wildlife Protection Act
1)	Snow Leopard	Ladakh, Kashmir & Jammu	Endangered	Schedule I
2)	Common Leopard	Jammu, Kashmir & Ladkah	Near Threatened	Schedule – I / Endangered
3)	Black Bear	Kashmir & Jammu	Vulnerable	Schedule – II
4)	Brown Bear	Ladakh, Kashmir & Jammu	Least Concern	Schedule – I / Endangered
5)	Ibex	Ladakh, Kashmir & Jammu	Least Concern	Schedule – I / Endangered
6)	Himalayan tahr	Jammu	Near Threatened	Schedule – I / Endangered
7)	Spotted Deer	Jammu	Least Concern	Schedule – III
8)	Barking Deer	Jammu	Least Concern	Schedule – III
9)	Goral	Jammu	Near Threatened	Schedule – I
10)	Markhor	Kashmir & Jammu	Endangered	Schedule – I / Critically Endangered
11)	Serow	Kashmir & Ladakh	Near threatened	Schedule – I / Endangered
12)	Hangul	Kashmir	Least Concern	Schedule – I / Critically Endangered
13)	Musk Deer	Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh	Endangered	Schedule – I / Endangered
14)	Chiru (Tibetan Antelope)	Ladakh	Endangered	Schedule – I / Critically Endangered
15)	Tibetan gazelle	Ladakh	Near Threatened	Schedule – I / Endangered
16)	Nayan (Tibetan Sheep)	Ladakh	–	Schedule – I
17)	Wild Yak	Ladakh	Vulnerable	Schedule – I
18)	Pallas Cat	Ladakh	–	Schedule – I
19)	Black Necked Crane	Ladakh	Vulnerable	Schedule – I
20)	Golden Eagle	Kashmir, Ladakh & Jammu	Least Concern	Schedule – I / Endangered
21)	Cheer Pheasant	Kashmir, Jammu	Vulnerable	Schedule – I / Endangered

 

 

NATURAL VEGETATION 

which grows naturally without human aid.

The natural vegetation of J&K is classified under following categories .

Subtropical Forests:

•  subtropical rain forests are limited to the Siwaliks and lower slopes of the Middle Himalayas.
•  Having a thick undergrowth of bushes and scrubs.
• The dominant species of subtropical forests are teak, sal, Shisham, Pipal. 
• These trees shed their leaves in the months of January – February (before hot weather).

Temperate Forest:

• Found in the slopes of Pir Panjal , Greater Himalayas , Zanskar and Karakoram.
• The dominant species are deodar, pine, silver fir , cedar , hazel. 

Alpine Forests

•  In the state of Jammu and Kashmir the vegetation, especially grasses belonging to  the higher regions of mountain system is  known as Margs or alpine pastures.  
•  These Pastures lie on Higher altitudes  between 3600 m to 4000 m above sea level.
•  The climate is extremely cold. 
• It is only in the summer months (May to  September) when ice melts at high altitudes  and lush green grasses grow.  

Xerophytic Vegetation

•  This type of vegetation is found in Ladakh. 
• The absence of rainfall over greater parts of  the year has resulted into xerophytic vegetation. 
•  The plants of these vegetation have special  characterstics of conserving water . 
• Eg. Cactus , agaves etc. 

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